gregg



Oct. 23, 1928.

L. D. GREGG CONNECTING DEVICE Filed March 6, 1926 4 Sheets-Sheet INVENTOR ATTORNEY Oct. 23, 1928. 1,689,023

L. D. GREGG CONNECTING DEVICE Filed March 6, 1926 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR ATTORNEY Oct. 23, 1928. 1,689,023

L. D. GREGG CONNECTING DEVICE Filed March 6, 1926 4 Sheets-sheaf, 3

Oct. 23, 1928.

L. D. GREGG CONNECTING DEVICE Filed March 6, 1926 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 INVENTOR fi dlrc ATTORNEY nuance-o Patented Oct. 23, 1928.

LOUIS D. GREGG, Oi? HACKENSACK, NEW JERSEY.

CONNECTING DEVICE.

Application filed March 6, 1926. Serial No. 92,664.

This invention relates to a connection between two parts by which they are yieldingly joined so that under normal pressures they will be held suitably spaced. apart but one or both thereof will be movable within limits to and from the other; and, while of general application, is of special value for use as a socalled shock absorber between the body and running gear of a vehicle, such for example as an automobile or motor truck, where it is highly desirable that the vertical movement of the axles produced in runnin. rapidly over inequalities in the roadway s all afl'ect as little as possible the vertical position of the body.

(l f the various devices heretofore employed for the purpose the mostcommon are those based on the cushioning efl'ect of metallic springs of coil or loop formation, or which utilize the elastic properties of metals, rubber,'etc., or of gases such as air. But all prior devices have proven only partially successful, due to the fact that the compressible element used transmits substantially in creased or decreased pressure as it is compressed or permitted to expand by the motion of one of the parts, the axle in the case of a vehicle. which is subject to sudden movement and such increased or decreased pressure, transmitted to the body or other part, causes an undesirable movement thereof.

My new connecting device, by which I have obv ated the above-mentioned defect in prior devices of this character, comprises, as its principal novel l'cature. means for maintainin;' the normal pressure transmitted from one part to the othersubstantially constanti. e., constant except for such small variations as are due to friction or inertia of movable parts-under changes in the pressure on .or in the relative position of one of the connected parts. Thus. for example, the sudden rise or fall of the a l. of a vehicle. within the limits of movement for which the device is designed, will not afl'ect the upward pressure upon and hence will not produce any vertical movement of the body.

It is usually desirable. however, that when an automobile strikes a sudden rise or fall in the roadway which continues for some distance a' approximately the same higher or lower level the body shall be gradually raised or lowered, as the case may be, to thereby restore the parts to their normal Spaced relata tiouship Accordingly.lprovide,as an addipredetermined normal distance and for.

slightly decreasing such pressure and so allowing the body gradually to drop as the parts move and remain apart beyond the predetermined normal distance on a prolonged drop of the axle.

Moreover, in the case of an automobile or similar vehicle, the pressure transmitted between the axle and the body is in proportion to the combined weightboth of the body and of the load carried thereby; and they are designed, as three, five and seven passenger cars and five or ten ton trucks, to carry certain normal loads and will run most smoothly when so loaded. Hence, since this load variation may be considerable, as when for example only one or two persons are riding in a large car or extra passengers crowd into the car, it is advisable to provide, and I have accordingly incorporated in my new connecting device as a still further feature thereof, means operable automatically for the adjustment of the pressure transmitting means so as normally to maintain thebod y at themtended height above the axle.

One practical embodiment of the invention and several equivalent means for Ohtaining the desired result are shown, by Way of illustration and not of limitation, in the accompanying drawings, in which Figure l is a view, in vertical section on the line 1 1 of Fig. 2 but with certain of its parts omitted, of a connecting device in which are combined the several features of my invention, showing the same as applied to, and connecting, the endsof a body frame-member and a spring attached to an axle on one side of a motor vehicle: Fig. 2 is a view of onehalf or side of the device showing the same in horizontal section on the line 2 2 of Fig. 1; Fig. 3 is a View of the complete device in vertical section on the line 3 3 of Fig. 2; Fig. 4 is a sectional view. corresponding to Fig. 1. showing a modified form of certain of the elements of the pressure transmitting means there illustrated: Fig. 5 is a secpional view. also corresponding to Fig. 1, showing a further modification of. elements comprising the pre sure transmitting means: Fig. 6 is a view, in central vertical section, of 2. connect ing device embodying a still further modification of the invention; and Fig. 7 is aview showing, in side elevation and more or less diagrammatically, Tequivalent gravity-actuated means for maintaining constant the pressure transmitted between an axle and the body of an automobile.

Referring first to Figs. 13 of the drawings,

\ A lower casing 10, which is open at its upper end and telescopes within the lower open end of the upper casing, carries a bracket-arm 11 by which it is pivotally connected, by a bolt 12', with the end of a semi-elliptical soring 13 attached to an axle (not shown) of the vehicle. This lower casing, which preferably is oil tight, ma be a casting or may be made-of plates whic i are bent square at certain corners and welded at others or welded at all corners; and the attachment bracket may be cast integral with the casing, if a casting, or may be separately cast or forged and welded or otherwise secured thereto as may be found most convenient. I

On each side of the lower casing a gear rack 1'4, which is really a combination pivot and rack, is ri idly secured to the inner face of its inner wa lby screws 15 and 16, the screw 16 being provided with a head which slides within a vertical guide-slot 17 formed, on each side, in the inner wall of the upper casing. In operative engagement with each of the two racks 14 is a gear 18, a combined lever and gear, which may be said to be pix oted on rack 14 when the latter is in its lower positions and to mesh as a gee therewith when the latter is in its upper pgitions. The opposite or outer side of each or the two gears 18 meshes as a gear with the teeth of a rack 19 which, on each side ofthc casing, is attached by screws 20 to the inner face of the top or cover. The roportions of the gear 18 and the teeth of tlie two racks with which it engagesare such as-to keep the rack 14 at a fixed distance from the rack 19 for all working positions of the gear. Each of the gears 18 operates in guide'ways formed .re-

spectively by guide-plates 21 and 22 riveted o the inner side of the racks 14 and 19, and the inner side of a slideplate 23 which is riveted to the outer side of rack 19 by rivets Q4 an-ans vertical edges slidingly fitting-t the inner corners of the lower easing with a clearance less than that betweerrthe lower and .thccupper casing, serves to keep the two'c'as ings out of frictional engagement; and each gear is linked, by double links 26 pivoted to the gear by pin and by pin '2'? to a lug 28, to an end of a cross-beam 29. An adjustment screw 30 is mounted through a thrust bearing 31 centrally on the cross-beam and in turn adj ustably supports a spring seat 32, provided with central boss 33 and outer rim 34, which is threaded on said screw and the vertical travel of which is limited by upper and lower pins 35, fixed in the screw, and upper and lower shoulders 36 formed on the spring seat, further rotation of the screw in the same direction being stopped by the engagement ofa pin with one or the other of the shoulders. The spring seat carries on radial arms four upright guide-members 37 each of which is in sliding engagement with an inner wall of the lower casing and one of the guide-plates 21 or 22. Nested coil compression springs 38, 39 and 40, suitably proportioned, hear at their lower ends against the spring seat 32 and at their upper ends against the top of the upper casing, thetwo outer springs directly and the inner spring 40 indirectly through the flange 5t of a sleeve and a washer 48 which is seated upon the annular shoulder of a socket or depression 49 formed in the top of the casing.

The adjustment screw carries riveted to its reduced upper end a sleeve-ratchet 41 and sleeve 42, the latter carrying a reversed sleeve-ratchet 43 riveted to its inwardly flanged upper end, which serve in turn to hold a Washer 44 down upon the shoulder of the screw. A second sleeve 45, surrounding sleeve 42, rests at its lower end upon the washer 44 and at its upper end has an outturned flange 46 between which flange and the washer 48 is interposed a coil compression spring 47. The sleeve 50, already mentioned, encloses the spring 47 and has at its lower end an inturned flange 52 which engages 'the flange 46 of sleeve 45. A second or actuating screw 53 is supported at its upper end, which passes through a central opening in the washer 48, by a head 54 hearing against; the washer below and the top of the casing above, and is yieldingly held against rotation by a flat coil spring 55 which is fixed at its inwardly-bent inner end in'la hole in the 7 head and at its downwardly-bent outer end in openings in the washer 48 and flange 51. This actuating screw, extending downwardly through the sleeveratchet 43, is provided at and near its lower end with. steep-pitched threads which operatively engage the complementary threads of the lower and upper internally threaded sleevdratchets 56 and 57 and cause these rat-chets to rotate axially of the screw whenever they are forced up or down thereon. The two reversed rotating ratchets. which are arranged in co-operative' f relationship with the ratchets 41 and 43 resp ctively, are yieldingly held apart by a t coii commas-eon spring 58 and are liui in their vertical movement upon the cw, the lower ratchet in its downward eorient by a washer 59 fixed b a screw to the lower end of the nctuatin screw the upper ratchet in its upwar moveot by pins 61 set into the screw threads at oir upper end. The washer 59 may be "tied to the actuating screw and have a 1 ing projection which will hear against as square head of screw 60 and so lock it l'faiHSt working loose. Both. the washer and 52o actuating screw are small enough to pass riown within the sleeve of ratchet 41.

The lower casing is preferably filled with a light iubricatiug oil. which will lubricate ill the bearing surtaits except the few loated above the waslu' r 48 and these, bei ouse of their simplicity and the infrequency l their movemrnt should not require much till f any lulu ication. The walls of the several Mares may he perforated with suitable openugs (not ;-hown) to readily permit the move treat-oi the lubricant into all enclosed places.

The device is ca 'ly assem led by first inviting the cr s-beam 29 with the gears l8 linked thereto and the racks 19 into the lower casing to which the racks 14 have been cured by the screws 15. then dropping into position the other parts previously assembled, and finally pulling on and pressing down the upper (tiwlzitf and inserting the screws 21) into the liiilw' l9 and the screws 16 into the racks Hi The vertical movement of the lower within the upper casing is limited in one direction by the striking of its upper edges against. the top or rover of the latter and in the other direction by the engagement of the heads of the siren s it; with the lower end of the slots '17.

The opeiaiion of the device as applied to anautomobile its pails l ving suitably prop rtioned so that they will nmmally )e positioned as shown wliru the automobile (an t ying it: d igued load is standing still or is running on a smooth roadway, is as follows:

Tho prr snrw traimnittcd t and from the body and axl or axle-spring of the car are trait-omitted priui-ipaliy thr ugh the springs 35F and ill li(',-( pr ng" compre ed iy the wright it tllv loaded car l'fh illg lownwardl and the counter upwa 2* up'uaiil i lunl}, s ip" iii port d flu-non and .li1\,\i (iiispring): seat it! and tin" or; linked lln irlo and through tlni i of the u ai:- and tin r it 1' ail i!" n:

curing and lwly and il'il'ui .;jl1 Ld lK oi 4' gears and the inch: i n t driv r tusinii and the axlesprinu the formof the springs Varies as the) are coni 'iresseil or extended; and. in the normal position shown the right; hand i i where the forces are, all in equilibrium, they are so compressed that the force of their upward pressure on the upward casing less that part of their downward pressure which is exerted on the upper casing through the racks 19 is met and counter-balanced by the remainder of their downward pressure acting through the racks 14 and the lower casing on the axle-springi On a sudden rise of the axle, which because of the inertia of the body above compresses the axle-spring 13, the additional force thus given to the axle-spring increases the upward pressure on the lower casin; and racks 14 and the upward pressure of the racks acting on the gears 18 as levers fulcrumed on the racks 19 overcomes the downward pressure of the springs 38, 39 and 40 and raises the pivot-pins and through them the spring seat 32. The change in the force of the springs is substantially constant for each inch of compression or extension and may be calculated, and both the springs and gears are so proportioned that as the pivot-pins 25 are raised in the compression of the springs they are correspondingly shifted away from the racks i4 and towards the racks 19, with the result that substantially all of the increase in the upward pressure of the springs on the upper casing is oilset by the increase of their downward pressure thereon through the gears and racks 19. Both the net upward pressure of the springs on the upper casing and their downward pressure through the gears and racks 14 on the lmvcrcasing remain substantially as they were. Conversely, when a drop of tie axle relieves the axle-spring and so reduces the upward pressure on the lower casing, the springs 38, 39 and 40 expand and the consequent lowering of the pins 25 shifts these pins b (ii from the racks 19 and towards the racks l4 and so changes the leverage through which the downward pressure of the springs exerted that the resultant pressures are left ui'ichanged. 'llie pressures transmitted. from one ca ing to the other therefore icinain substantially constant whatever the relative position of the casinos may be, and conscipu-ntly no substantial change in the vertiizil position of the body will be produced either by a rise or fall of the axle within the limits permitted by the device.

The action of the springs 38, S9 and 40, is lL vVPYLi, somewhat modified by the additional spring 47 which, whenever the lower casing l1- above its normal position as shown. is ronipressed by tluraising o l the sleeve by th washer l4 and so supplrnicnts the action oi thcz-e spring but when the casing drops liolow its normal position, is held against l'urlr usion hi Lhishrew 51L sleeve 45 tin n soparai no" l'i om the washer 4i. Hence flulpplii'ijib he. l?) and it? are here so proportioned Lu to exert a 3uedct riniiu-d pressure itty less than that required to support the load on the upper casing in normal posilit) lion, which deficiency in pressure may he des ignated as the upward normalizing pressure, and the spring 47 is proportioned to lulu. double such norr izing pressure and therw urnwnrd normalizing pres fore exerts a not sure equal to the urwvurd normalizing pres sure. The c normal loin w the upper nosing, the normalizing pre :0, ulna tending to return the parts to their predetermined normal position relative to each otherfwill slowly and grariwilly raise or ion or the upper casing and holly whencrer the :uLle, after a. sudden rise or drop, remains for a time at the new level. if do sired. however, the upward normalizing pressure may he nmllc either greater or smaller than the downward normalizing pressure by suitably varying tho proportions of the springs.

The operation of the means further provided for the adjustment of the tension of the springs to varyin hotly loads of passengers or freight is as ihllows: The action of the screw mnnectlion between the adjustment, screw 30 and spring seat 32 is non-reversiliie -that is to say, the pitch of the screw threads s low that the friction of the parts will prevent the downivurd pressure of the springs on the spring seat from turning the screw. The rntchets 41 and 45} move up and down with the lower raisin and, at pr;

terinined positions of the casing, either ratchet 41 will engage the ratchet 55 or ratchet. 453 will engage the ratchet, S7: and a further movement of the casing beyond these positions, will move one or the other of the rulchets 56 and 57 axially oi the actual. ing srrew .33 and the ratuhet will be ri'itategl by the steep pitch threads of the screw and in turn will rotate the ratchet. in. engagement therrwitli and through it the. adjustment s4 :1 \v. thereby either 1" .ising or lowering the giring sent 132 with respect to the screw 33 For r an'iple, after ratchet 56 ha en gar-weal ll ratrhet 41 it will be ro tud in a, rountrr clockwise direction by the further upward movement of the lower casing and, acting through the ratchet teeth... will turn the adjustment screw so as to raise the spring scat 32 and add to the nornml compression of {he springs 38. 39, and 420, thus increasing the pressure transmitted from the lower to the upper casing. The lower easing may or may not reach the extreme upper lin ii of its movement Within the upper c sing hut, it rho upward movement is interrupted by u l'lownwnrcl movement, the teeth of ratchei in; will slip on those of ratchet 41 or; ii is moved dil.-.'l\-kllfll ray spring and reversely rotated on the threads of the lllllb siting screw. the spring: 58 being so light in; to allow the teeth to slip withiiiut; connnuniwailing any turning movement to the adjustment screw. Tllius, the eiiect oi the latter gun-t of the upward ,n'iovemcni; of the lower eqnont result is that, with the;

casing within or relative to the upper casin; will he to increase the normal compression and forcr of the. springs 38, 39 and 40;

and, if the increased pressure exerted thereby i is not suifioient to equal the super-normal load, the lower casing will remain at its extreme upper limit; until the car encounters a drop in the roadway which will allow the lower casing to drop suiliciently for the razehet 56 to slip one or more teeth onratchet 4.1. whereupon the springs will be further compressed when the lower casing moves upward again. Each similar jiggle of the car body will increase the compression of the springs until the power exerted thereby exceeds that equired to support the load on the upper casing. The notion is just the reverse of this when a dro of the lower casing hring's the ratchet 4', into operative engagement. with the rutcliet 57; and whenever a. violent rise in the roadway is immediately followed a corresponding drop therein. as for example at a railway crossing, the lower easing may be forced first to its extreme upper limit, thus tightening the springs 38 39 and 40, and then quickly relflillill to its out reme lower limit and thereby loosen the r Wings a corresponding amount, with the nct result that the adjustment of the springs will remain as it previously was. The normalizing pressure hereinabove referred in may he so proportioned as to sli htly etireezl the change in the pressure or {he springs -38, 39 and 40 effected by the rotary movement of the ratehet 56 or 57 when ion-ml from one to the other limit of its vertical ii'iovement. Accordingly, when the zilliustimgnt screw 30 has been turned suflieiently to restore the lower casing to its normal position within the upper casing the superior urif n of the normalizing pressure will tend t stop and to hold it there.

The spring 55 serves as a lltlflQI, to prevent the under rubly great strain which other 'WlSf n htoccusiiimally he put upon the wen. e1, purl of the adjustingmechanism. It is still enough to hold the actuating screw 53 against tun ling movement when either of the rat chefs 56 or 57 is being actuated thereby to turn the adjustments screw 30. But it will yield so as to allow the screw 53 to turn a part of u rerol ion. in either direction. in rose, the adjustment screw reaches the limit ol iii; movement and in there locked by the engugirincnt :1 pin 15.3 with a shoulder 86 While the? ratchet ongziflell is still being forced iii no. The spring will return the urinating ow to its normal position us soon as permilled to (lo l v n movement of the lower casing: in the opposite dirertioin In the n'uuliliealiion illustrated in Fig. 4 of the drawings. the ra ks 19 fllf: integral with the upper c; ing 1". And for the gears 18 there are suhsiitnled rocking-levers 18 which their outer ends curry grzrrsegments meshfit ing with the racks 1.9" and at tiieirinner ends are united by :i yoke (32 carrying centrztiiy thereof :in extension lever-hrni .li which passes through {ill elongated slot in a camsiutpt-d guide-mm it: projecting downwardly from the upper wring and is linked to the end of the ieiii spring on the axle. thus doing away with the lower casing and the racks 1i curried thereon. Here. the gear-segments are held in mesh with the racks by the uidearm (32. and they and the inner cam star ace of the gtliti-ttl1i are so proportioned that the pivot-pins i) will he shifted to and from the racks 19f. X't'zepeciifltlfg', as they are raised and lowered my the vertical movement of the arm 11, in the same way HS before. The sprin s and spring'suppm'ting and adjusting mecnnnism iilustratmi in the preceding figures may be used without change, and the device may be enclosed at the bottom, if desired.

In the further inodilimtion iiiu tmtcd in Fig. 5, the melts 19" are formed its integral parts of the upper fttsiilg! l". the racks ll" are connected ivy arms ll to the end of the ieafsprin; on the uxh- :"ul more up and down tl'icrewith in stiitiiiiitiitioWii'is (not shown) formed us pa t oi the upper ca in and ea h of the two pis oi tucks M" and 1!) is opcrnti oi whim-ted thrm zrh :1 twin of four yea .nuuicizz 1! gear to" which is pivoted :it :35 upon tli ift'l'tiiigf mm 30 can ricii h the Pro forum 39' ind meshes \\ith the racks i i". :in et-wutrit: gmir it? which is 2Li ti iiiflvit'ii upon the pin J) end in fixed to one side of the ifttti lii i :1, Ft 'ftillti eccentric gear it which is pix'nitti by pin :25 on the sut'iporting urn; 13(3" and meshes with the cc centric g t-m 18 and :1 gen r it? which is pivoted upon the pin 23 fix d to the side of gen! 18'' and tticshcs with the rack 19'. The two e entric {IHH'S ll' and it? h re erve, in suirstuntiztiir tin: \tl I do the gents it) or the rochiir" love: s ihf. to ri 'ing the low-rtlL't with which the tri ks ii art on the ruriz it)" in raising or l -wring the cro---hcum 98 to comprt or expand the prin;r- 1835 and to (not here heavil 'l'iecs eccentric gears may. if desired. w ovni oi oi deformed shape ill i(Ilti of til-ruin.

lieict'r ng now to thrl'urthwr motiiiit-niioti iilil ili!i(ti in Fig: ti the e r itrt'll wring i".

\\hich i l'itfitlit' uttnrhori to imi oiiy itunu memilcr turril-s it pivot (iii cps-r; which h; mounted :1 single ievcr-nrm H! wh ch. iat'tfi'tth mg an upp r heating urface, t"\i-"H*l i iv through ti :-iot (min the inner mt t' 'tsillii and vi it it nor end is (tillllitit' rhuciiic ii t the end of the uxiwspr ug'. =1 monup and down therewith. ;\n ("\itiidtifl T of this h rer-arm. propwting upuw: i'rmi ill" piwt tifi. is: siottcti ut its upper t'liii and in thi slot wrc mounted. upon a pin i two opp sitely tiisllfldti ruti-hch-dogs (39 Mini 70 which are held b a spring 71 in operative engagement with t e teeth of the ratchets 72 and 73, respectivel These two ratchets, as shown, are integra parts of a bar which is supported upon the ridged bottom of the slot in the extension 67, to slide thereon, and is pivoted at 74 to the rim of the 5 ring sea 32-, which spring seat is supported y a roller 7'5 pivotnliy mounted therein upon the lever arm and in turn supports the nested springs 38 and 39, corresponding to the rings 38, 39 and -10, hearing at their upper en against an upper spring seat 76 pivoted at 77 to the casing. These springs are sup lamented b a spring 47, corresponding to t e s ring 4 hearing at its upper end against. t e upper spring sent and at the lower end against the outturned flange 4 i of the sieeve which sleeve carries at its upper end an inturned flange 4st adapted to operetively engage the head 52 of a boltfixed in a central boss 49 on the upper spring seat.

in this embodiment of the invention, as the axle-spring moves upward with respect to the casing. raising the lever-arm (34 and compressing the springs, the ratchet-dog 69 in engagement with the teeth of the ratchet 72 shifts the lower spring sent towards the pivot 2h thus so changing the leverage on which the springs act: us to compensate for the changing pressure they exert; and revcrst l on the dropping of the axle-spring, the ratchet-slog 70 in engagement with the teeth of the ratchet 73 will shift the lower spring sent away from the pivot (33. The normalizing pre sure referred to is here pro- \ititti by the spring -17 which through the flange of sleeve 45 supplements the pressure at the springs 38 and 39 when the axle spring is {liJOYC its normal position as shown, hut, on :1 drop thereof below such nornnii position, being held against further expansion by the engagement of the holt-heud with the (hinge i t" oi' the sleeve is rcpuruteii from the lower :iii'ili? seat and so can no longer cx'crt any }-7't--- lil'( on the lever-arm. huw tim-tuore, when as the lever-min til is raised, the upper end oi th ratchet-dog (39 contacts with the shoulder T64 on tiw easing it, will he tripped and tiicrchy disconnected from the ratchet T25. whereupon the lever-arm (it continuhig to rise. the ratchet-dog it) will slip one or more twth on the .'lt iiit T l. so that on the next iioouv-t'ttiti nunenieiit ot' the ic-- Vt!-lllil (it the lower 1jiri1ig+cui 3;? will he ii; ittiv shifted ::\\:t it m the pixoi till; and ih tion will he repented uthe itvtlfill'lli t up and down until the nvcrugc upon which the sprintr norumii) n ihtil iteij l tcd itimeet the ti4.\\'ll\\'fil' i -nro oi :t opcruoimid hotly lozui. For t to hod) i(iii\i iielow the normal. "i intent of the inn-ru toi the springs it; n -w ite till'tt'iiifll is similarly effected.

by the tripping all the I'iltCiJi .l0;; Zi) Quin 01-? engagement with 'ihe raiclwi Ti?) whniieveir it strllws the shoulderr 79 mi ihe aging,

In the form illustrated in Fig. T the. rlavlce has been much simplified h the utilizzztjmi, in place of springs 01' other alastic elemesih with their varying prezssui'os under different degrees 0f compression, of the constant prhg sure of a weight. Here, a liii'aifket Ell, wish arms 82 and 83., is rigidly attached in Cm: body fPal'Iie-Jfienkllfil To the end of the leaf-spring l3 i e attavhcd, hy strap 54, the Phil of :1 (AMP 85 which passes 0V8! shame 8f? pi'votszilly nwuntwl at the lower and (if film arm and m 'uai'l my a strap 87 in ii sheavei A one end io'ihl; 1mm w i have v2 sh sheave m: slim. iii; pix he owl of ihe (mi: H51 41:: from Pin: to a weigh: ft. 3 a cnmiuni plQr'af v 1; H2121 ihe axle-spring l and tin: whatever Elli? position hf 311? hm}; hi,-

ml 1, h

021i ves mill pasiiiim afim' ll ii-i) 0f the a the required iioiz'xm iiig gnowuz'ia V by a spring 4-? which a; ii; lower mm he upon R sent 48 p? lwl E; Y a pri' rWiwn 0;; the arm and Al upper @llil springweat ii Z'PCllEltHEliiill): up and guii'le-viziys alsz; llll'iliii'liil by Lin: manually hi? .21! iii: linii mi" ii- L wznci mi; l went against fixed shhuhlm's ni' En emit with thP low-2i. Phil if 11h: s i'rrip 81. Thus wile-newl-thezixlu-spnsig Z'LlPOJU :l's: 212:1"? l position relative 0 ll hoilv frame as shmvnihi; fiprihgf wi (Oiilllii'u oz-owl di'nvnwzu'rl nwvcmmi (if i L seat 46% but, m the spring seal lizyzwwl in its upwind mm Ami-m hy Kim shuuldi-n :6" 1 imp 87 will h? SQZ LTHiELi flicivfirui'u and l r x-hcuiw no pressure f: mm the hglllllg v llum the axle-spring i9 lwlms itv normal pfisitiia Telati C i The hmly n}![l0--7I1Pllll3(l\ llihll, 2.. ill ice may he still 'ui'thev lilfiulllfil in its several parts. as lay ill; Sill)? iitminn hf ilhlflliilll m1 equimloi'iis therein-r. and that chi-min (*1 its fezitmw ni shown and lvsiiri'ihml rm he elin'linz'ited Ffill'i kly if desired. wiliwuz mirting from the spirit 01' siwi'ificing Um mulmam iial ZLdYHlltilfli'F' of {law in. fllllflnl \Vhaif I claim as new, nml desire in by Letters Patenh is-- 1. In a device of the character lfivlnwl the x'imbination of pressure transmitting: Hhil'lS connecting ti; parts while pvrmiiting a lim ll'(l relative inm'i-i'nirs f (me with i'vsigwsi i0 ll'wnl'ill'.112 1111 iu izlffil @fi maintain bub' izu'h tiully i'fillr i ll il iii: press we iiziiisn'iitml l th 1)I'0\ 1li ti'mh mit'tihg mm m: from m nail m thiother whzitM'i-iihfir l'ileltlfl, 1: um may mamas;

be and LIN-3,35 O\i ,llli;' 2L iihmializing 5 sure Mending; tn restore to and in link: mid aw: i l ZliQll normal spaved lQllll lQna'l'llP 0111* 20 the lithe! whenever moved therefrom by Ell) Burma; pi'h ure 0fidll,lO 1ib- A dwis'w 0f m characler clisaloseal comprising preasiue tranwnim ing means for 53GB ncctinv Wm parts axingvii to allow the parts a llmli i movement in ,iis-l' "from each other, means fm" maintaining substantially c0n- Siam. files preaiiiie imnsmitied all pssi tians of the parts relative w each other, and means tending i-immally hi match: the parts in and to halal -hem in normal positian relatim 1c catch ella-'1 \slien mnviail illQYC'iXOlXk.

A... (han (if film: miter (llSiflfJSQk'l comprising mamas 2mm in: i'wn Paris adapted t0 31km mm a iimztea movement to and fluiL "1 ml and pressure transi'nitting means l isv'i'ml in maintain sulistamially con- .iuziii the PlQFrHXZfi illllSIlllllXKl from. one to the miller part thruugl'i on; portion of the Hinge of (EM? lllUv'CE'HCUt and to transmit a minimlia il rem degii we of pressure also Sljlfilll'iili-llllb m nimal thmiigh the iei'naining port iun i! rair w (if weir muvemmit.

l. A. (leviw sf t l liwfiiia! disclosed com pvisiiig m sting two parts adapted to slim. thereof to and from ransmilting I'XlQiiXiS m mam: m1 substantially chnistant i, pi'assure mi sniitieil from one in ii: c-thu 'Shwugh a gii'eh partiun of lLliQ- razige hi" hair l'IlOY/iillfilll, and means :ii'xtimteil l'W tin: movumami of the parts ,hs-r pm? 17m 0 1 the. range, of 2; his. all mating the zm'iciunt of LlQTFFJliYfi i milled. I

5. A, Tim hi the ahm'actgr Cliaalosed com- A y j 11 am f0! ccinnecting together two part mlw snder normal pressures there on L0 imlcl sai l parts in predetemiined spaced Hat-in: 3p but pcmn'itting their movement .ml extent and from each other, are transmitting llliFjiIlS adapted to -UlJStfiXkiii5llF miiszmt the pressure mm mm m fl 1'1- filler 0f said whim said fli'iil part is moved in 1h? 3 79352 i'lwrsrmi relatively in the Qlllfil m 2mg} aubmmtic means opera five t0 adjust the pressure trzmsmitted by said presmre transmitting marine: m snbstantia'll a sword with vaviations in the pressure an the fllfi' if said cmmwc'zeql arts.

A, vice 0f the character disclosed compri izig means yieldingly connecting tugether twe parts and of a. value slightly less than that required under normal pressures to iminm'ln the parts at a predetermined fixed (lists-rim apart and supplemental means 0peraiivesnormally to hold the parts in such predetarmined fixeil relationship and tendmg ta mature than t0 Slifih positinn when moved therefrom.

7. A device of the character disclosed comprising megns for connecting together two parts, including an elastic element, adapted to allow a limited movement of the parts to and from eecli other, means adapted to auto -matically efiect a corresponding change in the tension of said elastic element under sub stantial changes in the pressure on one of said connected parts, and means adapted to maintain substantially constant the pressure transmitted to said connected part through the elastic element when variably compressed by varying changes in the pressure on the other connected part.

8. A device for connecting the body and running gear of a vehicle comprising means, including an elastic clement, adapted to oppose to n normal body load a normal upward pressure upon the hotly, means adapted to maintain substantially constant such normal upward pressure upon the body under ditlcrent degrees oi romprc sion of the elastic cl ment due t change in the vertical position of the running gear with respect to the body. and means operative undcr changes from normal in the ll llly load to effect substantially corresponding changes in the opposed upward pressure on the body.

9. A device for connecting the body and running gear of a vehicle comprising an elastic clement. whichhas under a normal body load a pressure value slightly less than that required to maintain the body in normal position above the running gear and sup plemental means adapted to supply such deficiency in the pressure value of the elastic element and normally operative to restore the body to its normal position relative to the running gear after a change in the vertical position of the latter.

10. A device for connecting the body and running gear of a vehicle comprising an elastic clcmcnt which has under a normal body load it pressure value slightly less than that required to maintain the body in normal position above the running gear, supplemental means adapted to provide an upward pre sure on the body slightly in excess of said delicicncv in the pres ure value of the elastic clement ivhcn and only when the body is be low its: normal position relative to the running gear, and means adapted to absorb pressure changes due to changes in the "ortical position of the running; gear and thereby to prevent the transmission of any substantial part thcrcol to the body.

11. A pressure transmitting connection be twccn two parts comprising an elastic cicnu-nt and arranged and operating in scrics thv-rrivith. means adapted to pcrmit movem n ol' mol' the ronncctcd parts rrlativc to lir othcr without substantial change in th mjnsmrc transmitted.

l2. .ln :1 doth-rol tlnrhurartrr dist-instal tho r ml-imztlonmt moans l'or transmitting pit-ssh. bilu'vcn tno parts which permit a movement of the parts one with i'tbinzoi. to th other and means for changing the pressure transmitted at predetermined distances from each other.

13. In a device of the character disclosed, the combination of means for trai'isinitting pressure between two parts which permit movement of either part with lcspt't' to the other Without substantially changing tho prc surc tizurmittcd, and mcans for maintaining said two parts at an approximately predetermined distance apart when the pre 1- sure tram-tiniltcd is within predetermined limits.

14. In a device of the character disclosed, the combination of means for transmitting; pressure between two parts which permit movement of either of said parts with respect to the other, means for maintaining said two parts at an approximately prede termincd distance apart when the pressure transmitted is within predetermined limits, and means for cheng g'ingthc pressure trans mittcd when the parts are at? a predetermined distance apart.

15. A shock absorber device for connecting the body and running gear of a. vehicle comprising, in combination, a spring attached to one part of the vehicle, means for transmit ting rcssurc between an end of said spring and t m. other part of the vehicle which permils i'novcmcnt of the parts towards or away from each other without. substantially chang ing the pressure transmitted between them.

16. A shock absorber device for connecting the body and running gear of a vehicle comprising, in combination, a spring attached t one part of the vchiclc and lHLtlDS fOI' trans milting pressure between an end of said spring and the other part of the vehicle which permits movement ot' the ports towards or away from each othcr within. iiredetermined limits without substantially changing the pressure transmittcd betiwccn them.

17. A shock absorber device for connecting the body and running gear of a vehicle comprising, in combination, a spring attached to one part of the vehicle and means interposed between the spring; and the other part of the vehicle whcrcby the prcssnrc transmitted ,i controlled without constraining the action (if the spring.

18. A shock abso'bcr device for connecting the body and the running gear of a vehicle comprising. in combination, a spring attached to one part of the vehicle and means interpo ed between the spring and the other part of thc which: whereby the pressure transmitted between the spring and the said other part. of thc whichis mointaincd substantially consltllll without toihstantially constraining the action of the sprinf'.

if). A sho k absorber device for connecting thc body and running gear of a, vehicle com prising a spring atta hed to One part of the W 8 mmozs Male and means for subsiantialzy wuntcrmzfi substmitiaiiiy mmstan, the pressure transmib ing the differences in the pmssm'e cxertvfi-by ted.

the spring without siibsmntiaiiy coi'xstmining 217 In a sflmnk ab i'ifwr device or connectits action. '"i ugthe body and running gear of a vehicle,

5 20. In :1 shock abmrber device fin? connectmeans including a :qstmn uf lvvexs permitting 1 ing the body and running gear of a vehicle, :1 IDOWZHQYZt (if the body and running gear to means includi'irg an elaqtic vlmnmst and a s=ysand fmm (30h min-:- within predetvrmined tem of lowrs. gibrmitting the muvmmnt of the. iimits but maimfiinimg' substantially Constant body and running wart!) and f1x7fl10fitfiitfl'lfl' tht pl'essua'c trzmsmittwf.

10 within predetermiawd limits but maintaining LOUIS I) GREGG. 

